Human Communication: The Basic Course (13th Edition)

Table of contents

Table of contents :
Cover……Page 1
Brief Contents……Page 5
Detailed Contents……Page 6
Welcome to Human Communication: The Basic Course……Page 13
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Human Communications……Page 20
The Forms of Human Communication……Page 21
The Benefits of Human Communication……Page 23
The Myths of Human Communication……Page 25
Communication Context……Page 26
Messages……Page 27
Noise……Page 28
Communication is Purposeful……Page 29
Communication is Transactional……Page 30
Communication is a Process of Adjustment……Page 31
Communication Involves Content and Relationship Dimensions……Page 32
Communication is Ambiguous……Page 33
Communication is Punctuated……Page 34
Communication is Inevitable, Irreversible, and Unrepeatable……Page 35
1.4 The Competent Communicator……Page 36
The Competent Communicator Thinks Critically and Mindfully……Page 38
The Competent Communicator is Ethical……Page 39
The Competent Communicator is an Effective Listener……Page 40
The Competent Communicator is Media Literate……Page 41
Summary : Preliminaries to Human Communication……Page 42
Key Terms……Page 43
Working with the Preliminaries to Human Communication ……Page 44
Chapter 2: Culture and Communication……Page 46
Sex and Gender……Page 47
The Transmission of Culture……Page 48
The Importance of Culture in Communication……Page 49
The Aim of a Cultural Perspective……Page 50
2.2 Cultural Differences……Page 52
High- and Low-Context Cultures……Page 53
Power Distances……Page 54
High- and Low-Ambiguity-Tolerant Cultures……Page 55
Indulgence and Restraint……Page 56
The Nature and Forms of Intercultural Communication……Page 57
Improving Intercultural Communication……Page 58
Key Terms……Page 66
Working with Culture and Communication……Page 67
Chapter 3: Understanding Your Self and Your Perceptions……Page 69
Self-Concept……Page 70
Self-Awareness……Page 71
Self-Esteem……Page 73
Factors Influencing Self-Disclosure……Page 75
Guidelines for Self-Disclosure……Page 77
Stage 2: Organization……Page 80
Stage 3: Interpretation–Evaluation……Page 81
Stage 5: Recall……Page 82
Impression Formation Processes……Page 83
Increasing Accuracy in Impression Formation……Page 87
To Be Liked: Affinity-Seeking and Politeness Strategies……Page 89
To Secure Help: Self-Deprecating Strategies……Page 90
To Hide Faults: Self-Monitoring Strategies……Page 91
To Confirm Self-Image: Image-Confirming Strategies……Page 92
Summary: The Self and Perception……Page 93
Working With The Self and Perception……Page 94
Chapter 4: Effective Listening……Page 97
4.2 The Listening Process……Page 98
Stage 1: Receiving……Page 99
Stage 3: Remembering……Page 100
Stage 5: Responding……Page 103
Distractions: Physical and Mental……Page 104
4.4 Styles of Effective Listening……Page 106
Empathic and Objective Listening……Page 107
Nonjudgmental and Critical Listening……Page 108
Surface and Depth Listening……Page 109
Polite and Impolite Listening……Page 110
Active and Inactive Listening……Page 111
Culture and Listening……Page 113
Gender and Listening……Page 114
Summary: Listening in Human Communication……Page 116
Working With Listening……Page 117
Chapter 5: Verbal Communication……Page 119
Meanings are in People……Page 120
Meanings Depend on Context……Page 121
Messages Vary in Politeness……Page 123
Messages Vary in Assertiveness……Page 124
Messages Can Deceive……Page 125
5.2 Disconfirmation and Confirmation……Page 127
Heterosexism……Page 129
Ageism……Page 130
Cultural Identifiers……Page 131
5.3 Using Verbal Messages Effectively……Page 133
Language Symbolizes Reality (Partially)……Page 134
Language Expresses Both Facts and Inferences……Page 135
Language Can Obscure Distinctions……Page 136
Summary: Verbal Messages……Page 137
Working with Verbal Messages……Page 138
Chapter 6: Nonverbal Communication……Page 140
Nonverbal Messages Interact with Verbal Messages……Page 141
Nonverbal Messages Help Manage Impressions……Page 142
Nonverbal Messages Help Form Relationships……Page 143
Nonverbal Messages Can Influence and Deceive……Page 144
Body Communication……Page 145
Facial Communication……Page 146
Eye Communication……Page 147
Space Communication……Page 150
Artifactual Communication……Page 152
Touch Communication……Page 153
Silence……Page 155
Time Communication……Page 156
Smell Communication……Page 158
Culture and Gesture……Page 159
Culture and Colors……Page 160
Culture and Time……Page 161
Decoding Skills……Page 163
Encoding Skills……Page 164
Summary: Nonverbal Messages……Page 165
Working With Nonverbal Communication……Page 166
Chapter 7: The Art of Successful Conversation……Page 169
The Principle of Process: Conversation is a Developmental Process……Page 171
The Principle of Turn-Taking……Page 172
The Principle of Dialogue……Page 174
The Principle of Flexibility……Page 175
The Principle of Politeness: Conversation is (Usually) Polite……Page 176
Making Small Talk……Page 177
Introducing People……Page 181
Making Excuses……Page 182
Apologizing……Page 183
Giving and Receiving Compliments……Page 185
Giving and Receiving Advice……Page 186
Working with Conversation……Page 188
Chapter 8: The Realm of Relationships……Page 190
8.1 Relationship Stages……Page 192
Involvement……Page 194
Intimacy……Page 195
Deterioration……Page 196
Dissolution……Page 197
Attraction Theory……Page 198
Relationship Rules Theory……Page 199
Social Penetration Theory……Page 201
Social Exchange Theory……Page 202
Equity Theory……Page 203
Jealousy……Page 205
Relationship Violence……Page 207
Summary: Interpersonal Relationship Stages and Theories……Page 208
Working With Interpersonal Relationship Stages and Theories……Page 209
Chapter 9: Friendly, Romantic, and Familial Relationships……Page 211
Friendship Types……Page 212
Friendship and Communication……Page 213
Friendships, Culture, Gender, and Technology……Page 214
Love Types……Page 216
Love and Communication……Page 218
Love, Culture, Gender, and Technology……Page 219
Types of Couples and Families……Page 221
Families and Communication……Page 223
Families, Culture, Gender, and Technology……Page 224
Key Terms……Page 226
Working With Friends, Lovers, and Families……Page 227
Chapter 10: Working in Small Groups……Page 229
The Team……Page 230
Small Group Stages……Page 231
Small Group Formats……Page 232
Small Group Culture……Page 233
Power in the Small Group……Page 234
10.2 Idea-Generation Groups……Page 235
10.3 Personal Growth Groups……Page 236
10.4 Information-Sharing Groups……Page 237
10.5 Problem-Solving Groups……Page 238
The Problem-Solving Sequence……Page 239
Problem-Solving Groups at Work……Page 241
Key Terms……Page 244
Working with Small Group Communication ……Page 245
Chapter 11: Group Interaction and Leadership……Page 246
Member Roles……Page 247
Member Functions and Skills……Page 249
11.2 Leaders in Small Group Communication……Page 252
Myths about Leadership……Page 253
Approaches to Leadership……Page 254
Functions and Skills of Leadership……Page 256
Individualism and Collectivism……Page 258
Leadership Style……Page 260
Key Terms……Page 261
Working with Members and Leaders……Page 262
Chapter 12: Organizational Communication……Page 264
What is an Organization?……Page 265
Characteristics of Organizations……Page 266
12.2 Organizational Messages……Page 268
Formal Communication……Page 270
Informal Organizational Communication: The Grapevine……Page 271
Communication Channels in Organizations……Page 272
Information Overload……Page 273
Information Isolation……Page 274
Sexual Harassment……Page 275
Bullying……Page 276
Mentoring……Page 277
Organizational Relationship Competence……Page 278
Summary: Human Communication in the Workplace……Page 279
Working With Human Communication in the Workplace……Page 280
Chapter 13: Dealing with Interpersonal Conflict……Page 282
Online and Workplace Conflicts……Page 283
Conflict Can Center on Content and Relationship Issues……Page 285
Conflict Can Be Negative or Positive……Page 286
Conflict Takes Place in a Context……Page 287
Conflict Styles Have Consequences……Page 288
Before the Conflict……Page 289
Influences on Your Choice of Conflict Strategies……Page 290
13.4 Conflict Management Strategies……Page 291
Force and Talk……Page 292
Manipulation and Spontaneity……Page 293
Fighting below and above the Belt……Page 294
Face-Detracting and Face-Enhancing Strategies……Page 295
Aggressiveness and Argumentativeness……Page 296
Summary: Interpersonal, Group, and Workplace Conflict……Page 297
Working With Interpersonal, Group, and Workplace Conflict……Page 298
Chapter 14: Public Speaking: Topics, Research, and Audience Analysis……Page 300
A Brief History……Page 301
The Benefits of Public Speaking……Page 302
14.2 Managing Your Apprehension……Page 303
Your Topic……Page 306
Limiting Topics……Page 307
Your Purposes……Page 309
Your Thesis……Page 311
Analyzing the Sociology of the Audience……Page 313
Analyzing the Psychology of the Audience……Page 315
Analyzing and Adapting during the Speech……Page 316
Research Notes……Page 317
Libraries and Bookstores……Page 318
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Source Material……Page 320
General Reference Works……Page 321
The Web……Page 323
Evaluating Internet Resources……Page 324
Integrating and Citing Research……Page 325
Summary: Public Speaking Topics, Audiences, and Research……Page 327
Working with Topics, Audiences, and Research……Page 328
Chapter 15: Speech: Content Preparation……Page 330
Examples, Illustrations, and Narratives……Page 331
Definitions……Page 332
Testimony……Page 333
Presentation Aids……Page 335
Computer-Assisted Presentations……Page 339
15.2 Step 5: Develop Your Main Points……Page 341
15.3 Step 6: Organize Your Speech……Page 342
Cause–Effect/Effect–Cause Pattern……Page 343
The Motivated Sequence……Page 344
Introduction……Page 347
Conclusion……Page 349
Transitions……Page 350
Pitfalls in Introductions, Conclusions, and Transitions……Page 351
Constructing the Outline……Page 352
Sample Outlines……Page 353
Key Terms……Page 360
Working with Support and Organization……Page 361
Chapter 16: Delivering Effective Speeches……Page 362
Choosing Words……Page 363
Phrasing Sentences……Page 368
Incorporate Changes and Make Delivery Notes……Page 369
16.3 Step 10: Present Your Speech……Page 370
Methods of Presentation……Page 371
Making Your Presentation More Effective……Page 372
Voice……Page 374
Body Action……Page 375
Handling Audience Questions……Page 376
Culture and Criticism……Page 378
Guidelines for Criticizing More Effectively……Page 379
Key Terms……Page 382
Working with Style and Presentation in Public Speaking……Page 383
Chapter 17: The Informative Speech: Principles and Types……Page 385
Adjust the Level of Complexity……Page 386
Vary the Levels of Abstraction……Page 387
Make Your Speech Easy to Remember……Page 388
17.2 Speeches of Description……Page 389
Organization……Page 390
Thesis and Main Points……Page 392
Organization……Page 393
17.4 Speeches of Demonstration……Page 394
Organization……Page 397
Working with the Informative Speech……Page 398
Chapter 18: The Persuasive Speech: Goals, Principles, and Strategies……Page 400
18.1 Goals of Persuasive Speaking……Page 401
Logical Proof……Page 402
Emotional Proof……Page 404
Credibility Proof……Page 406
Identify with Your Audience……Page 410
Anticipate Selective Exposure……Page 411
Ask for Reasonable Amounts of Change……Page 412
18.4 Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Fact……Page 413
Support……Page 414
Thesis and Main Points……Page 415
18.6 Persuasive Speeches on Questions of Policy……Page 416
Support……Page 419
Summary: The Persuasive Speech……Page 420
Working with the Persuasive Speech……Page 421
Appendix of Speeches: Public Speaking Sample Assistants……Page 423
Glossary……Page 438
References……Page 454
Index……Page 468
Credits……Page 480