Table of contents

Table of contents :
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
About the Authors
Brief Contents
Contents
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction and Mathematical Concepts
1.1 The Nature of Physics
1.2 Units
1.3 The Role of Units in Problem Solving
1.4 Trigonometry
1.5 Scalars and Vectors
1.6 Vector Addition and Subtraction
1.7 The Components of a Vector
1.8 Addition of Vectors by Means of Components
Concept Summary
Focus on Concepts
Problems
Additional Problems
Concepts and Calculations Problems
Team Problems
2 Kinematics in One Dimension
2.1 Displacement
2.2 Speed and Velocity
2.3 Acceleration
2.4 Equations of Kinematics for Constant Acceleration
2.5 Applications of the Equations of Kinematics
2.6 Freely Falling Bodies
2.7 Graphical Analysis of Velocity and Acceleration
Concept Summary
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Problems
Additional Problems
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Team Problems
3 Kinematics in Two Dimensions
3.1 Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration
3.2 Equations of Kinematics in Two Dimensions
3.3 Projectile Motion
3.4 Relative Velocity
Concept Summary
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Problems
Additional Problems
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4 Forces and Newton’s Laws of Motion
4.1 The Concepts of Force and Mass
4.2 Newton’s First Law of Motion
4.3 Newton’s Second Law of Motion
4.4 The Vector Nature of Newton’s Second Law of Motion
4.5 Newton’s Third Law of Motion
4.6 Types of Forces: An Overview
4.7 The Gravitational Force
4.8 The Normal Force
4.9 Static and Kinetic Frictional Forces
4.10 The Tension Force
4.11 Equilibrium Applications of Newton’s Laws of Motion
4.12 Nonequilibrium Applications of Newton’s Laws of Motion
Concept Summary
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Additional Problems
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5 Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion
5.1 Uniform Circular Motion
5.2 Centripetal Acceleration
5.3 Centripetal Force
5.4 Banked Curves
5.5 Satellites in Circular Orbits
5.6 Apparent Weightlessness and Artificial Gravity
5.7 *Vertical Circular Motion
Concept Summary
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6 Work and Energy
6.1 Work Done by a Constant Force
6.2 The Work–Energy Theorem and Kinetic Energy
6.3 Gravitational Potential Energy
6.4 Conservative Versus Nonconservative Forces
6.5 The Conservation of Mechanical Energy
6.6 Nonconservative Forces and the Work–Energy Theorem
6.7 Power
6.8 Other Forms of Energy and the Conservation of Energy
6.9 Work Done by a Variable Force
Concept Summary
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7 Impulse and Momentum
7.1 The Impulse–Momentum Theorem
7.2 The Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum
7.3 Collisions in One Dimension
7.4 Collisions in Two Dimensions
7.5 Center of Mass
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8 Rotational Kinematics
8.1 Rotational Motion and Angular Displacement
8.2 Angular Velocity and Angular Acceleration
8.3 The Equations of Rotational Kinematics
8.4 Angular Variables and Tangential Variables
8.5 Centripetal Acceleration and Tangential Acceleration
8.6 Rolling Motion
8.7 *The Vector Nature of Angular Variables
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9 Rotational Dynamics
9.1 The Action of Forces and Torques on Rigid Objects
9.2 Rigid Objects in Equilibrium
9.3 Center of Gravity
9.4 Newton’s Second Law for Rotational Motion About a Fixed Axis
9.5 Rotational Work and Energy
9.6 Angular Momentum
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10 Simple Harmonic Motion and Elasticity
10.1 The Ideal Spring and Simple Harmonic Motion
10.2 Simple Harmonic Motion and the Reference Circle
10.3 Energy and Simple Harmonic Motion
10.4 The Pendulum
10.5 Damped Harmonic Motion
10.6 Driven Harmonic Motion and Resonance
10.7 Elastic Deformation
10.8 Stress, Strain, and Hooke’s Law
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11 Fluids
11.1 Mass Density
11.2 Pressure
11.3 Pressure and Depth in a Static Fluid
11.4 Pressure Gauges
11.5 Pascal’s Principle
11.6 Archimedes’ Principle
11.7 Fluids in Motion
11.8 The Equation of Continuity
11.9 Bernoulli’s Equation
11.10 Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
11.11 *Viscous Flow
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12 Temperature and Heat
12.1 Common Temperature Scales
12.2 The Kelvin Temperature Scale
12.3 Thermometers
12.4 Linear Thermal Expansion
12.5 Volume Thermal Expansion
12.6 Heat and Internal Energy
12.7 Heat and Temperature Change: Specific Heat Capacity
12.8 Heat and Phase Change: Latent Heat
12.9 *Equilibrium Between Phases of Matter
12.10 *Humidity
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13 The Transfer of Heat
13.1 Convection
13.2 Conduction
13.3 Radiation
13.4 Applications
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14 The Ideal Gas Law and Kinetic Theory
14.1 Molecular Mass, the Mole, and Avogadro’s Number
14.2 The Ideal Gas Law
14.3 Kinetic Theory of Gases
14.4 *Diffusion
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15 Thermodynamics
15.1 Thermodynamic Systems and Their Surroundings
15.2 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
15.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics
15.4 Thermal Processes
15.5 Thermal Processes Using an Ideal Gas
15.6 Specific Heat Capacities
15.7 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
15.8 Heat Engines
15.9 Carnot’s Principle and the Carnot Engine
15.10 Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps
15.11 Entropy
15.12 The Third Law of Thermodynamics
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16 Waves and Sound
16.1 The Nature of Waves
16.2 Periodic Waves
16.3 The Speed of a Wave on a String
16.4 *The Mathematical Description of a Wave
16.5 The Nature of Sound
16.6 The Speed of Sound
16.7 Sound Intensity
16.8 Decibels
16.9 The Doppler Effect
16.10 Applications of Sound in Medicine
16.11 *The Sensitivity of the Human Ear
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17 The Principle of Linear Superposition and Interference Phenomena
17.1 The Principle of Linear Superposition
17.2 Constructive and Destructive Interference of Sound Waves
17.3 Diffraction
17.4 Beats
17.5 Transverse Standing Waves
17.6 Longitudinal Standing Waves
17.7 *Complex Sound Waves
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18 Electric Forces and Electric Fields
18.1 The Origin of Electricity
18.2 Charged Objects and the Electric Force
18.3 Conductors and Insulators
18.4 Charging by Contact and by Induction
18.5 Coulomb’s Law
18.6 The Electric Field
18.7 Electric Field Lines
18.8 The Electric Field Inside a Conductor: Shielding
18.9 Gauss’ Law
18.10 *Copiers and Computer Printers
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19 Electric Potential Energy and the Electric Potential
19.1 Potential Energy
19.2 The Electric Potential Difference
19.3 The Electric Potential Difference Created by Point Charges
19.4 Equipotential Surfaces and Their Relation to the Electric Field
19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics
19.6 *Biomedical Applications of Electric Potential Differences
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20 Electric Circuits
20.1 Electromotive Force and Current
20.2 Ohm’s Law
20.3 Resistance and Resistivity
20.4 Electric Power
20.5 Alternating Current
20.6 Series Wiring
20.7 Parallel Wiring
20.8 Circuits Wired Partially in Series and Partially in Parallel
20.9 Internal Resistance
20.10 Kirchhoff’s Rules
20.11 The Measurement of Current and Voltage
20.12 Capacitors in Series and in Parallel
20.13 RC Circuits
20.14 Safety and the Physiological Effects of Current
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21 Magnetic Forces and Magnetic Fields
21.1 Magnetic Fields
21.2 The Force That a Magnetic Field Exerts on a Moving Charge
21.3 The Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field
21.4 The Mass Spectrometer
21.5 The Force on a Current in a Magnetic Field
21.6 The Torque on a Current-Carrying Coil
21.7 Magnetic Fields Produced by Currents
21.8 Ampère’s Law
21.9 Magnetic Materials
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22 Electromagnetic Induction
22.1 Induced Emf and Induced Current
22.2 Motional Emf
22.3 Magnetic Flux
22.4 Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
22.5 Lenz’s Law
22.6 *Applications of Electromagnetic Induction to the Reproduction of Sound
22.7 The Electric Generator
22.8 Mutual Inductance and Self-Inductance
22.9 Transformers
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23 Alternating Current Circuits
23.1 Capacitors and Capacitive Reactance
23.2 Inductors and Inductive Reactance
23.3 Circuits Containing Resistance, Capacitance, and Inductance
23.4 Resonance in Electric Circuits
23.5 Semiconductor Devices
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24 Electromagnetic Waves
24.1 The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves
24.2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
24.3 The Speed of Light
24.4 The Energy Carried by Electromagnetic Waves
24.5 The Doppler Effect and Electromagnetic Waves
24.6 Polarization
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25 The Reflection of Light: Mirrors
25.1 Wave Fronts and Rays
25.2 The Reflection of Light
25.3 The Formation of Images by a Plane Mirror
25.4 Spherical Mirrors
25.5 The Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors
25.6 The Mirror Equation and the Magnification Equation
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26 The Refraction of Light: Lenses and Optical Instruments
26.1 The Index of Refraction
26.2 Snell’s Law and the Refraction of Light
26.3 Total Internal Reflection
26.4 Polarization and the Reflection and Refraction of Light
26.5 The Dispersion of Light: Prisms and Rainbows
26.6 Lenses
26.7 The Formation of Images by Lenses
26.8 The Thin-Lens Equation and the Magnification Equation
26.9 Lenses in Combination
26.10 The Human Eye
26.11 Angular Magnification and the Magnifying Glass
26.12 The Compound Microscope
26.13 The Telescope
26.14 Lens Aberrations
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27 Interference and the Wave Nature of Light
27.1 The Principle of Linear Superposition
27.2 Young’s Double-Slit Experiment
27.3 Thin-Film Interference
27.4 The Michelson Interferometer
27.5 Diffraction
27.6 Resolving Power
27.7 The Diffraction Grating
27.8 *Compact Discs, Digital Video Discs, and the Use of Interference
27.9 X-Ray Diffraction
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28 Special Relativity
28.1 Events and Inertial Reference Frames
28.2 The Postulates of Special Relativity
28.3 The Relativity of Time: Time Dilation
28.4 The Relativity of Length: Length Contraction
28.5 Relativistic Momentum
28.6 The Equivalence of Mass and Energy
28.7 The Relativistic Addition of Velocities
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29 Particles and Waves
29.1 The Wave–Particle Duality
29.2 Blackbody Radiation and Planck’s Constant
29.3 Photons and the Photoelectric Effect
29.4 The Momentum of a Photon and the Compton Effect
29.5 The De Broglie Wavelength and the Wave Nature of Matter
29.6 The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
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30 The Nature of the Atom
30.1 Rutherford Scattering and the Nuclear Atom
30.2 Line Spectra
30.3 The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom
30.4 De Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Assumption About Angular Momentum
30.5 The Quantum Mechanical Picture of the Hydrogen Atom
30.6 The Pauli Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table of the Elements
30.7 X-Rays
30.8 The Laser
30.9 *Medical Applications of the Laser
30.10 *Holography
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31 Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity
31.1 Nuclear Structure
31.2 The Strong Nuclear Force and the Stability of the Nucleus
31.3 The Mass Defect of the Nucleus and Nuclear Binding Energy
31.4 Radioactivity
31.5 The Neutrino
31.6 Radioactive Decay and Activity
31.7 Radioactive Dating
31.8 Radioactive Decay Series
31.9 Radiation Detectors
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32 Ionizing Radiation, Nuclear Energy, and Elementary Particles
32.1 Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation
32.2 Induced Nuclear Reactions
32.3 Nuclear Fission
32.4 Nuclear Reactors
32.5 Nuclear Fusion
32.6 Elementary Particles
32.7 Cosmology
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Appendixes
APPENDIX A Powers of Ten and Scientific Notation
APPENDIX B Significant Figures
APPENDIX C Algebra
APPENDIX D Exponents and Logarithms
APPENDIX E Geometry and Trigonometry
APPENDIX F Selected Isotopes
ANSWERS TO CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING
ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS
INDEX
ENDPAPERS
EULA